| The Right Honourable Jacqui Smith |
|
|---|---|
| Home Secretary | |
| In office 28 June 2007 – 5 June 2009 |
|
| Prime Minister | Gordon Brown |
| Preceded by | John Reid |
| Succeeded by | Alan Johnson |
| Chief Whip of the House of Commons Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury |
|
| In office 5 May 2006 – 28 June 2007 |
|
| Prime Minister | Tony Blair |
| Preceded by | Hilary Armstrong |
| Succeeded by | Geoff Hoon |
| Member of Parliament for Redditch |
|
| In office 1 May 1997 – 6 May 2010 |
|
| Preceded by | Constituency Created |
| Succeeded by | Karen Lumley |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 3 November 1962 Malvern, Worcestershire, England |
| Political party | Labour |
| Alma mater | Hertford College, Oxford |
Jacqueline Jill "Jacqui" Smith (born 3 November 1962) is a member of the British Labour Party. She served as the Member of Parliament for Redditch from 1997 until 2010 and was the first ever female Home Secretary, thus making her the third woman to hold one of the Great Offices of State — after Margaret Thatcher (Prime Minister) and Margaret Beckett (Foreign Secretary).
She was one of the MPs investigated by the parliamentary commissioner for standards over a variety of inappropriate expense claims [1] Smith, whose case arguably became one of the most high-profile of the MPs expenses claims, was found to have "clearly" broken the rules on second home expenses and ordered to apologise.[2] On 5 June 2009, she stood down as Home Secretary in the Cabinet reshuffle, and lost her seat as Member of Parliament for Redditch in the 2010 General Election.[3]
Contents |
Born in Malvern, Worcestershire, Smith attended Dyson Perrins High School in Malvern. Her parents were teachers, and both Labour councillors; although her mother briefly joined the SDP. Her local MP, Conservative backbencher Sir Michael Spicer, recalled in Parliament in 2003 how he had first met her when he was addressing the sixth form at The Chase School, where Smith's mother was a teacher.[4] "So great was my eloquence that she immediately rushed off and joined the Labour Party."[5] Smith read PPE at Hertford College, Oxford and gained a PGCE from Worcester College of Higher Education.
Working as a school teacher, Smith taught Economics at Arrow Vale High School in Redditch from 1986 to 1988[6] and at Worcester Sixth Form College, before becoming Head of Economics and GNVQ Co-ordinator at Haybridge High School, Hagley in 1990.
Smith also worked as secretary of the National Organisation of Labour Students[7] and describes herself as having a "feminist background".[8]
Smith was selected to stand for election for Labour through an all-women shortlist.[9] This method of selection was subsequently declared illegal in January 1996 as it breached sex discrimination laws.[10] Despite the ruling she remained in place as the candidate for the following year's election.
Having failed to be elected as a Labour MP for the safe Conservative seat of Mid Worcestershire in 1992, Smith was elected MP for Redditch at the 1997 general election, as part of a (then) record number of female MPs elected to the House of Commons who were pejoratively tagged "Blair Babes". Smith was re-elected in 2001 and 2005; after the 2005 election she had a majority of just 1,948 (4.6% of the vote), owing to boundary changes.[11][12]
Smith entered the Government in July 1999 as a Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Department for Education and Employment, working with the Minister for School Standards Estelle Morris.[13] She then became a Minister of State at the Department for Health after the 2001 general election. She was appointed as the Government's deputy Minister for Women in 2003, working alongside Secretary of State Patricia Hewitt. In this role she published the Government's proposals for Civil Partnerships, a system designed to offer same-sex couples an opportunity to gain legal recognition for their relationship with an associated set of rights and responsibilities.
Following the 2005 general election, Smith was appointed to serve as the Minister of State for Schools in the Department for Education and Skills, replacing Stephen Twigg who had lost his seat.[14] She received praise in this role – often outperforming her superior Ruth Kelly. Teacher trade union sources stated that Smith "talked to us on our level".[15]
In the 2006 reshuffle she was appointed as the Government's Chief Whip. In a period when supporters of Gordon Brown were pushing Prime Minister Tony Blair to resign, she was successfully able to calm the situation down.[15] The BBC's political editor Nick Robinson described her as being effective at "making peace between the warring Blair and Brown factions".[16]
Smith was regarded as a loyal Blairite during Tony Blair's premiership, a position reflected in her voting record,[17] and she was brought to tears by Blair's farewell appearance in the House of Commons.[15]
Smith was appointed Home Secretary in Gordon Brown's first Cabinet reshuffle of 28 June 2007. Just one day into her new job bombs were found in London and a terrorist attack took place in Glasgow the following day.[18]
On 24 January 2008, she announced new powers for the police, including the proposal to hold "terrorist suspects" or those "linked to terrorism" for forty-two days without charge.[19] In the same month Smith was involved in controversy when she admitted that she would not feel safe on the streets of London at night. Such statements were compounded by her suggestion that walking on streets at night was not "a thing that people do". Critics suggested her statements were an admission that the government had failed to tackle crime effectively.[20] Smith also introduced legislation to toughen the prostitution laws of England and Wales, making it a criminal offence to pay for sex with a prostitute controlled by a pimp, with the possibility that anyone caught paying for sex with an illegally trafficked woman could face rape charges.[21]
Smith introduced a crime mapping scheme which will allows citizens of England and Wales to access local crime information and how to combat crime.[22] As Home Secretary, she was able to announce that minor crime dropped year on year under the Labour government, and continued to do so in 2008.[23] Her officials, however, acknowledged that major crimes such as serious assault, rape and murder were at a higher level than in 1997.[24]
Smith managed to pass the 42-day detention law plans in the House of Commons, despite heavy opposition.[25] The House of Lords voted overwhelmingly against the law, with some of the Lords reportedly characterising it as "fatally flawed, ill thought through and unnecessary", stating that "it seeked to further erode fundamental legal and civil rights".[26] In March 2009, Smith published the first ever public Counter Terror Strategy.
When Damian Green was arrested in his commons office, Smith stated that she was not informed of the impending arrest. The Metropolitan Police said that Green was "arrested on suspicion of conspiring to commit misconduct in a public office and aiding and abetting, counselling or procuring misconduct in a public office". A junior Home Office official Christopher Galley was later arrested regarding the same alleged offences as Green, and was released on bail. He was not charged, but he was suspended from his Home Office job while the investigation continued. He was later sacked from his position for gross misconduct. Green did not dispute having dealings with the Home Office official.[27][28]
In March 2009 a leaked poll of Labour Party members revealed that Smith was considered to be the worst performing member of the cabinet, with only 56% of her party believing she was doing a good job.[29][30]
In May 2009, Smith announced that the cost of introducing the National Identity Card project (a scheme abandoned by the incoming Liberal-Conservative coalition government in May 2010), had risen to an estimated £5.3 billion, and that it would first become compulsory for foreign students and airport staff. It was planned that the cards would be made available from high-street shops at an estimated cost of £60.[31] Smith defended her decision to use high-street shops, and stated that the hope was to make enrolment in the scheme a less intimidating experience and to make the cards easier to access.[32] She claimed, despite evidence to the contrary, that the majority of the population was in favour of the scheme.[31][33] In another privacy-related issue, Smith said she was disappointed at the European Court of Human Rights' decision to strike down a law allowing the government to store the DNA and fingerprints of people with no criminal record; in December 2008 an estimated 850,000 such DNA samples were being held in England and Wales.[34] Her compromise was to scale down the length of time that data could be kept, with a maximum limit of 12 years. A number of commentators felt that this went against the spirit of the Court's decision.[35][36]
On 19 July 2007 Smith admitted to smoking cannabis a few times in Oxford in the 1980s. "I did break the law... I was wrong... drugs are wrong", she said. Asked why students today should listen when she urged them not to try the drug, she said that the dangers of cannabis use had become clearer, including mental health issues and the increasing strength of the drug over the past 25 years. Smith's admission was made public the day after Gordon Brown appointed her head of a new government review of the UK Drugs strategy.[37]
In May 2008, against the recommendations of her own scientific advisers,[38] Smith reversed the government's 2004 decision to downgrade cannabis to a class C drug, returning it back to the higher penalisation status of class B, with the law change taking effect on 26 January 2009.[39] According to her most senior expert drugs adviser Professor David Nutt, the following exchange took place between Smith and himself:
Smith: "You cannot compare the harms of an illegal activity with a legal one."
Nutt: "But don't we need to compare the harms in order to see if something should be illegal?"
Smith (after a long pause): "You can't compare the harms of an illegal activity with a legal one."[40]
In February 2009 Smith was accused by Nutt of making a political decision in rejecting the scientific advice to downgrade ecstasy from a class A drug. The advisory council on the misuse of drugs (ACMD) report on ecstasy, based on a 12-month study of 4,000 academic papers, concluded that it is nowhere near as dangerous as other class A drugs such as heroin and crack cocaine, and should be downgraded to class B alongside amphetamines and cannabis. The advice was not followed; the government saying that it was "not prepared to send a message to young people that we take ecstasy less seriously".[41] Smith was also widely criticised by the scientific community for bullying Professor Nutt into apologising for his factual comments that, in the course of a normal year, more people died from falling off horses than died from taking ecstasy.[42]
Smith was investigated by the parliamentary commissioner for standards over accusations that she had inappropriately designated her sister's home in London as her main residence.[1] The arrangement had allowed Smith to claim over £116,000 on her family's Redditch home since becoming an MP.[43] Smith contended that she had done nothing wrong.
On 8 February 2009, it was revealed in the press that Smith had designated a house in London owned by her sister as her main residence in order to claim a parliamentary allowance for her house in Redditch as a secondary home, despite explicitly stating on her website that she "lives in Redditch".[44] She has claimed more than £116,000 over six years from this arrangement.[45] When asked whether it was fair that she made claims believed to have been made for items such as a flat screen TV and scatter cushions, she said that analyses of her receipts had been very particular. In response to criticisms over her housing allowances, she said it was the "nature of the job" that MPs had to furnish and run two properties.[46] However, Sir Alistair Graham, the former Chairman of the Committee on Standards in Public Life was critical of her actions stating that naming her sister's spare bedroom as her main home was "near fraudulent". In reply to this comment, it was reported that Smith threatened to take legal action for 'malicious falsehood'[47]
It was also reported that Smith had claimed expenses for a telecoms bill that contained two pornographic films and two other pay-per-view films. Smith said it was a mistake, and she would repay the amount.[48] This and other cases prompted calls for reform of the additional costs allowance and a new system of payments to be introduced.[49] Gordon Brown supported her and said she had done nothing wrong.[50]
On 5 June the Police at Scotland Yard said that they had not found evidence of criminal activity and that it was 'highly unlikely' that MPs would face charges, however there was still a small number of allegations' involving 'phantom mortgages' that needed further investigation. The Police said that the incidents of 'flipping' second homes was not a matter for Police investigation.[51]
In October 2009, it was reported that the Standards Commissioner, John Lyon, had looked into complaints over her expense claims. He concluded that her constituency home was in fact her main home, and that she was in breach of Commons rules, despite "significant mitigating circumstances". The claims for pay-per-view films were also found to be in breach. Ms Smith was told to "apologise to the House by means of a personal statement." Ms Smith reacted by saying that she was "disappointed that this process has not led to a fairer set of conclusions, based on objective and consistent application of the rules as they were at the time.".[52]
In an interview with Radio Times published in February 2011, Smith claimed that her expenses had been scrutinised because she was a woman, saying: "[I] know that it was my expenses people looked at first because I was a woman and should have been at home looking after my husband and children." Smith said that she had felt "frozen rather than angry" on learning that her husband had entered a parliamentary expenses claim for two pornographic films.[53]
On 5 May 2009, Smith named 16 'undesirable individuals', including convicted murderers and advocates of violence, who were to be banned from entering the United Kingdom over their alleged threat to public order.[54] Controversially, the exclusion list included outspoken American talk radio host Michael Savage, who instructed London lawyers to sue Smith for 'serious and damaging defamatory allegations'.[55][56] A Home Office spokeswoman said: "The home secretary has made it clear that if such a case was brought that any legal proceedings would be robustly defended."[57] Smith defended the choice of individuals by declaring, 'If you can't live by the rules that we live by, the standards and the values that we live by, we should exclude you from this country and, what's more, now we will make public those people that we have excluded.'[58] Writers from The Guardian[59]and the Daily Mail criticized Smith's actions.[60]
On 2 June 2009, Smith confirmed that she would leave the Cabinet in the next reshuffle, expected after the local and European elections.[61] She left office on 5 June and returned to the back benches. She was replaced by Alan Johnson. In a subsequent interview with Total Politics magazine regarding her time as Home Secretary, Smith described how she felt under-qualified for her Ministerial roles, adding "when I became home secretary, I'd never run a major organisation. I hope I did a good job. But if I did, it was more by luck than by any kind of development of skills. I think we should have been better trained. I think there should have been more induction.".[62] Smith's major achievements as Home Secretary were introduction of tougher prostitution laws,[21] a reduction in crime rates [22] and promotion of Police Community Support Officer's
In the General Election on 6 May 2010, Jacqui Smith lost her seat as Member of Parliament for Redditch to Karen Lumley of the Conservative Party, who won the seat with a majority of 5,821 votes. Smith said that she had been "immensely honoured" to serve Redditch.[63] Smith wrote an open letter to the new Conservative Home Secretary Theresa May, advising her that the post was often seen as a "poisoned chalice".[64] In 2010, she has started working as a consultant for KPMG and as an adviser to Sarina Russo Job Access. She is currently standing to be vice-chairman of the BBC Trust. Smith presented a documentary on pornography, for BBC Radio 5 Live, called Porn Again which was broadcast on March 3, 2011. It was be followed by a special edition of the Tony Livesey show on pornography.[65] She has regularly been on This Week and also Question Time. She also contributed to the The Purple Book in 2011, putting forward new ideas on crime and policing.
Smith married Richard Timney (born 1963 in Ealing, London) in October 1987 in Malvern, Worcestershire, and they have two sons. In June 2008 the Independent newspaper reported that she was a season-ticket holder at Aston Villa Football Club.[66]
In December 2008, Timney was discovered to be behind a series of letters praising the work of Smith that were sent to newspapers; however, he had failed to disclose that he was her husband and managing her constituency office.[67]
| Parliament of the United Kingdom | ||
|---|---|---|
| New constituency | Member of Parliament for Redditch 1997–2010 |
Succeeded by Karen Lumley |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded by Barbara Roche |
Deputy Minister for Women 2003–2005 |
Succeeded by Meg Munn |
| Preceded by Stephen Twigg |
Minister of State for Schools 2005–2006 |
Succeeded by Jim Knight as Minister of State for Schools and Learners |
| Preceded by Hilary Armstrong |
Chief Whip of the House of Commons 2006–2007 |
Succeeded by Geoff Hoon |
| Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury 2006–2007 |
||
| Preceded by John Reid |
Home Secretary 2007–2009 |
Succeeded by Alan Johnson |
|
|||||||||||||
|
||||||||||
|
|||||||||||